desertion

desertion
The act by which a person abandons and forsakes, without justification, or unauthorized, a station or condition of public, social, or family life, renouncing its responsibilities and evading its duties. A willful abandonment of an employment or duty in violation of a legal or moral obligation.
@ criminal desertion
Criminal desertion is a husband's or wife's abandonment or willful failure without just cause to provide for the care, protection or support of a spouse who is in ill health or necessitous circumstances.
See also abandonment
- desertion and non-support
@
Adoption.
As used in statute providing that parental consent to adoption is not required when parent has wilfully deserted child evinces settled purpose to forego, abandon, or desert all parental duties and parental rights in child. Moody v. Voorhies, 257 Or. 105, 475 P.2d 579, 581.
@ constructive desertion
That arising where an existing cohabitation is put an end to by misconduct of one of the parties, provided such misconduct is itself a ground for divorce. For example, where one spouse, by his or her words, conduct, demeanor, and attitude produces an intolerable condition which forces the other spouse to withdraw from the joint habitation to a more peaceful one. West v. West, 264 Ky. 826, 95 S.W.2d 789, 790
+ constructive desertion
Occurs when one spouse, through misconduct, forces the other to abandon the marital abode. Grollman v. Grollman, D.C.App., 220 A.2d 330, 332.
If a spouse is forced to leave the home because of the other's conduct, the former has been constructively deserted
@
Divorce law
As a ground for divorce, an actual abandonment or breaking off of matrimonial cohabitation, by either of the parties, and a renouncing or refusal of the duties and obligations of the relation, with an intent to abandon or forsake entirely and not to return to or resume marital relations, occurring without legal justification either in the consent or the wrongful conduct of the other party. The elements of offense of "desertion" as ground for divorce are a voluntary intentional abandonment of one party by the other, without cause or justification and without consent of party abandoned.
See also constructive desertion, above; and desertion and non-support.
Maritime law.
The act by which a seaman deserts and abandons a ship or vessel, in which he had engaged to perform a voyage, before the expiration of his time, and without leave. By desertion, in the maritime law, is meant, not a mere unauthorized absence from the ship without leave, but an unauthorized absence from the ship, with an intention not to return to her service, or, as it is often expressed, animo non revertendi; that is, with an intention to desert. The Cripple Creek, D.C.Pa., 52 F.Supp. 710, 712 (strike); The Youngstown, C.C.A.La., 110 F.2d 968, 970.
Desertion, within statute providing for forfeiture of wages of deserting seaman, consists of seaman's unconsented abandonment of duty by quitting ship before termination of engagement specified in articles he signed, without justification and with intention of not returning. Petition of Russo, D.C.Cal., 232 F.Supp. 650, 651.
Military law.
Any member of the armed forces who(1) without authority goes or remains absent from his unit, organization, or place of duty with intent to remain away therefrom permanently;
(2) quits his unit, organization, or place of duty with intent to avoid hazardous duty or to shirk important service; or
(3) without being regularly separated from one of the armed forces enlists or accepts an appointment in the same or another one of the armed forces without fully disclosing the fact that he has not been regularly separated, or enters any foreign armed service except when authorized by the United States; is guilty of desertion. Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C.A. No. 885.
Non-support.
Desertion is frequently accompanied by non-support, which may be a crime.
See also desertion and non-support
Desertion and non-support
While both desertion and non-support go hand in hand in many cases, they are distinguishable because a man may be guilty of desertion and not guilty of non-support. The converse is also true because a man may be guilty of wilfully failing to support though he remains in the marital home.
See also desertion

Black's law dictionary. . 1990.

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  • désertion — [ dezɛrsjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1361 « abandon »; lat. desertio 1 ♦ (XVIIe) Action de déserter, de quitter l armée sans autorisation (⇒ insoumission). Désertion en temps de paix, en temps de guerre. Désertion à l étranger (en quittant le pays); désertion… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • desertion — de·ser·tion n: the forsaking of a person, post, or relationship: as a: permanent withdrawal from living with one s spouse without the spouse s consent and without cause or justification ◇ Desertion is a ground for divorce in many states. b:… …   Law dictionary

  • Desertion — Désertion La désertion est l acte d abandonner ou de retirer l appui à une entité à laquelle quelqu un avait prêté serment ou avait prétendu devoir allégeance, responsabilité ou loyauté. Dans une unité militaire, la désertion est l acte de… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Desertion — • Brief explanation of the different situations to which this concept applies in canon law Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Desertion     Desertion      …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • désertion — DÉSERTION. s. fém. Abandonnement. Il se dit principalem. Des soldats qui abandonnent le service sans congé. Le crime de désertion est puni par les Ordonnanses militaires. La désertion des soldats avoit affoibli l armée. Il y a une grande… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798

  • desertion — de cause, Eremodicium. Desertion acquise, Eremodicium commissum. B. L appelant est tombé en desertion, Appellator appellatione cecidit, et tempore exclusus est. B. Pourveu que l appelant ne soit adjourné en desertion d appel, Nisi prouocatus… …   Thresor de la langue françoyse

  • Desertion — De*ser tion (d[ e]*z[ e]r sh[u^]n), n. [L. desertio: cf. F. d[ e]sertion.] 1. The act of deserting or forsaking; abandonment of a service, a cause, a party, a friend, or any post of duty; the quitting of one s duties willfully and without right;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • desertion — Desertion. s. f. v. Abandonnement. Il se dit principalement des soldats qui abandonnent le service sans congé. Le crime de desertion est puny de mort par les ordonnances militaires. la desertion des soldats avoit affoibli l armée. Desertion d… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • desertion — 1590s, from M.Fr. désertion (early 15c.), from L.L. desertionem (nom. desertio) a forsaking, abandoning, noun of action from pp. stem of L. deserere (see DESERT (Cf. desert) (v.)) …   Etymology dictionary

  • desertion — [di zʉr′shən] n. [ME desercioun < OFr desertion < L desertio] 1. a deserting or being deserted 2. Law the willful abandonment of one s spouse, children, etc …   English World dictionary

  • Desertĭon — (v. lat. Desertio), 1) (Criminalr.), das Verbrechen eines Soldaten, der ohne Erlaubniß seine Heeresabtheilung verläßt, um nicht zurückzukehren (Desertor, Deserteur). Bei den Griechen wurde der Deserteur (Automolos, Leipotaketes) meist am Leben… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

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